Investigating How Control Is Through Technology - 1638 Words

Investigate how control, through technology is exercised in the chosen organisation. INTRODUCTION For any kind of organisation to exist, there should be controlling system over it. On the bases of academic articles, corse book, experience of a senior manager of pharmaceutical business and researcher s personal experience of teleworking, this report shows how variable technologies help managers lead employees, control the relationships with partner companies, influence customers. In other words how it helps businesses to become more successful and competable. It demonstrates how different types of technology affect the business, in most cases leading it to a greater profit and lower costs. However, it evaluates some disadvantages,†¦show more content†¦Technology affects unemployment, economic growth, and organisational structure of jobs. Through innovation in technology, new jobs are created while old jobs are made redundant. There is also an overall skill upgrading effect while some tasks are deskilled. Current stage of technological development gives the opportunity of nonstandard work to the business world. Examples include freelance, telecommuting, workshifting, home working and the idea of blended workforce, when standard and nonstandard employes work side by side. Nonstandard jobs are more common for high skilled, high paid workers; it allows more fredom and flexibility. Some disadvantages of homeworking and teleworking involve absense of team spirit and lack of face-to-face social interactions and sharing ideas. In addition management connot easily monitor, control the activity and make sure that employees are working towards the same goal. Recently, applying blogs for knowledge-sharing and problems- solving across the organisation has dramatically changed the nature of work. Managers use technological methods to encourage informal coordination and make the workplase more engaging for benefiting the teamwork. Same communication tools are utilized between managers of different department to combine their work together or by partner companies to do business together regardless of time zone and language issues. On the other hand, the usage of the

The History and Composition of Boley, Oklahoma - 1703 Words

Introduction Imagine living in a town that was once thriving with successful businesses to a community that barely exist. As you travel down the deserted roads of your community you are surrounded by boarded up memorable buildings, deteriorating homes, and empty storefronts. The water tower that stands tall for all to see is now covered by rust. While the streets in which you are traveling on show signs of frequent patchwork in an effort to salvage the road. As you pass by what once was your favorite mom and pop’s restaurant you began to reminisce on the time you spent there with loved ones. This has become the story of residents in Boley, Oklahoma; one of the first all black towns in the state. History In 1903 the community of†¦show more content†¦Highway 62 before reaching Boley’s main street; Pecan Street. Because this highway was built just south of Boley travelers are encouraged to pay close attention and anticipate the turnoff leading to the small town. Demographics According to the United States Census Bureau (2010) the population of Boley, Oklahoma is 1,184 (U.S. Census, 2010). This population number also includes male inmates who are incarcerated at John Lilley Correctional Center. Males who reside in Boley, Oklahoma make up more than half of the population. In fact, 86.5% of the population is males while the female population is at a low 13.5%. There are exactly 160 females and 1,024 males living in the town of Boley. However, 820 males are housed at the John Lilley Correctional Center (Oklahoma Department Of Corrections, 2014). The population of Boley, Oklahoma consists of 5.8% of individuals under the age of 18, 6.1% between 18 to 24, 49.7% between 25 to 44, 32.3% between 45 to 64 and 6.2% of people ages 65 or older. As indicated by the U.S. Census Bureau the median age in this rural town is 39.4 (U.S. Census, 2010). The racial makeup of Boley, Oklahoma is 39.1% of African Americans, 43.8% Caucasians, 5.9% American Indian, 6.0% Hisp anic/Latino, 0.1% Asian, and 5.1% of individuals who identified themselves as some other race (U.S. Census, 2010). Although the numbers shows a high percentage of Caucasians the race of non-incarcerated people

Essay on Christian Justice and Righteousness - 685 Words

As a reformer, Martin Luther certainly changed the world of the Church. Would you say that his opposition to the existing religious authority of his day could be justified from a scriptural standpoint? How might it not? Which biblical principles affect your own responsibility to promote justice and righteousness when such actions come into conflict with an established order? nbsp; The actions of Martin Luther in the 1500s have reached almost mythical stature among Christians. Luthers deeds had much more radical consequences than he could have foreseen as he first challenged the existing church. He sparked a revolution of thought, a break from the Roman Catholic Church system and a return to a faith based upon Scripture alone.†¦show more content†¦Consequently, he who rebels against the authority is rebelling against what God has instituted, and those who do so will bring judgment upon themselves. nbsp; But this raises another, deeper question: if authority is to be obeyed, what is to be done when leaders create evil standards? In other words, if earthly administrators go against the law of God, whom should we obey? All of a sudden, the question is not one of obedience after all. Instead, it is one of jurisdiction -- which authority takes precedence when one cannot obey both? A clear answer can be found in the book of Acts, when the apostles first begin preaching the Gospel and healing the sick. Very quickly, the Sanhedrin -- a body of religious leaders that behaved much like todays legislatures -- told them in no uncertain terms to stop. But the apostles continued preaching. Soon, they were brought to trial before the Sanhedrin, and asked why they would not halt teaching in Christs name. nbsp; Acts 5:29 gives us their answer. Peter and the other apostles replied: We must obey God rather than men! The apostles realized that governments are not granted autonomous power. Having been established by God, civil authorities are responsible to uphold his precepts. When they do not, it is the duty of the Christian to stand againstShow MoreRelatedApplication Of Modern Ministry Settings925 Words   |  4 PagesApplication to Modern Ministry Settings Many of the laws concerning justice and righteousness do not seem to be directly relatable to our culture today. For this reason, it is necessary to extract from the text of the Mosaic Law principles that can be employed in modern Christian ministry settings. The primary motivation for doing acts of justice and righteousness is the same today as it was for the nation of Israel. God has shown his grace to us and rescued us from our oppressors; he has workedRead MoreThe Doctrine Of The Bible925 Words   |  4 Pagessin. Can see, the crime is a deviation from righteousness. That what, what is it justice? Bible distinguish two kinds of meaning, that is, people of justice and righteousness of God. Deuteronomy 6:25 Festival, said: If we all the commandments the LORD our God commanded careful to do, this is our righteousness. Visible, human righteousness is the law of righteousness. What is the righteousness of God do? Romans 3:21 - 22 says: But now the righteousness of God without the law is manifested, theRead MoreWho Is The Human Race?871 Words   |  4 Pagesthat promote materialism, and idolatry, such as Christmas. We put an emphasis on Christ being the reason for the season, but go out and spend hundreds and even thousands of dollars on gifts and tell our kids they all come from Santa Claus, but as Christians we get mad at the world because they no longer want to say, â€Å"Merry Christmas† or they spell it X-mas. When Paul went into Athens, he went with the knowledge of their culture and knew how to apply the Gospel to their teachings. Human needs haveRead MoreEssay on The Book of Romans767 Words   |  4 PagesRomans is a very important addition to the Bible. This is written by Paul to the Roman church. Much of Romans is showing the righteousness of God in different ways. â€Å"Romans road† passages are a great description of how to lead someone to christ (His saving righteousness). Falling into this importance is Romans 3:21-26. This is the basis of God’s righteousness in the Death of Jesus (Schreiner p.25). Refering to the different versions of this text, there is not much of a variation. SeveralRead MoreThe Old Testament Is Not Inspired By God1741 Words   |  7 Pagescommand destructions of the Canaanites or any other nation because it would portray God as an immoral God. It would portray God as cruel, unmerciful, ruthless, unloving, unforgiving and unjust which is the opposite of what Christians believe and preach to the lost. Christians today tell unsaved people that God is love, patient, kind, forgiving and he is slow to anger. Therefore God could not have commanded the destruction of nations such as the Canaanites in the Old Testament as it would be againstRead MoreJesus Teaches His Followers ( 5 1-6 ) Essay1397 Words   |  6 Pages7:28), believer and non-believer alike. I. Pursuing righteousness (5:3-6) Matthew 5:3-6 presents the foundational character traits out of which the rest of the Beatitudes, the Sermon on the Mount, and the Christian life must grow. Namely, the believers absolute need for God and his righteousness alone. â€Å"Blessed are the poor in spirit†, â€Å"Blessed are those that mourn†, â€Å"Blessed are the meek†, and â€Å"Blessed are those that hunger and thirst for righteousness† brings out the heart of what Jesus urging fromRead MoreRomans and the Christian Worldview Essay753 Words   |  4 PagesBarbara Underwood Bible 425 November 5, 2012 ROMANS AND THE CHRISTIAN WORLDVIEW ESSAY Paul’s argument in Romans is foundational to the Biblical/Christian Worldview. Paul brings to realization of what God is revealing to the Christian World. Most Christians do not understand the consequences of not obeying the moral laws and its values. Christians are influenced by other religions because of the lack of understanding the expectations and the fact of being accountable for theirRead MorePeace can be described as a state of being between groups where mutual respect has lead to sense of600 Words   |  3 Pagessacred texts of the religion, most notably the New Testament. Christians have come to understand peace as the practice of values from the Gospel such as love and empathy, â€Å"Love one another as I have loved you (John 13:34).† The Christian scriptures, including the four gospels, build upon the Jewish teaching of â€Å"shalom† by presenting Jesus as means of peace. In the New Testament Jesus Christ is emphasized as a model of peace an d Christian adherents are encouraged to follow his example. Jesus lived anRead MoreThe Sarbanes Oxley Act s Purpose Essay1537 Words   |  7 Pagesthe investigation of possible federal violations. Title IX gives the SEC power over bonuses, incentives, and other payoffs wile corporate officers are being investigated, as well as forbid violators to continue working in securities markets. As a Christian, one must follow a higher authority than any manmade board or an ethics code made by the government. Business ethics may have similar standards, but they have a different meaning when implemented from a biblical perspective. If one follows the teachingsRead MoreIn PlatoS Euthyphro, Socrates And Euthyphro Discuss The1734 Words   |  7 Pagesis defined by what the gods love..etc. This question later was raised once again in context of the Biblical God. Thus introducing what is now known as the Euthyphro dilemma. God being a perfect being is one of the most widely accepted notions in Christian, Jewish and Islamic theology. Therefore it is common that many people would follow along the lines of the first definition given by Euthyphro: that good is what God loves and thus good is good because God loves it. People can use this as an excuse

Poem at 39 by Alice Walker - 1164 Words

In ‘Poem at 39’ by Alice Walker, the persona reminisces over her childhood with a melancholic stance, while still viewing it’s overall impact on her life, now at 39, with a positive viewpoint. This melancholic outlook is displayed during the second stanza, an example being when Walker says, â€Å"I learned to see bits of paper as a way to escape the life he knew.† This shows that the persona’s father exposed her to the importance of money as a young child. The quote also implies that as he was in a dire financial situation himself. However, even though the persona displays this importance of money, she compares it to â€Å"bits of scrap paper.† This metaphor juxtaposes the previous lines of the poem, which put a great deal of emphasis of money. However, even with the possible financial strife her family was going through, the persona still manages to find the silver lining in her negative experiences. This is shown when she describes her fathe r’s teachings as being an â€Å"escape†, which shows not only her desire to lead a better life than her father, but also how much he cared about her and contributed to a large part of what made her childhood so positive. By the fourth stanza, the poem has taken a turning point; changing the tone of the poem from nostalgic tinged with sadness, to excited and joyous. This can be shown through the first line of the fourth stanza, which echoes that of the opening line, with the addition of an exclamation point. The exclamation point emphasizes the lineShow MoreRelatedMany people believe that the worst part of remembrance is all the pain that comes with it. But what1300 Words   |  6 PagesIn this essay I will be looking at 6 poems: â€Å"Piano† by D.H. Lawrence, â€Å"Poem at 39† by Alice Walker, â€Å"Stop All The Clocks† by Auden, â€Å"War Photographer† by Carol Ann Duffy, â€Å"Praise Song† by Grace Nichols and finally â€Å"Digging† by Seamus Heaney and how they present their memories. In â€Å"Poem at 39† Alice Walker mainly talks about memories she had with her father and how her feelings towards him have altered throughout the years. The poem was written when she was 39 years old, divorced from her husbandRead MoreThe Color Purple by Alice Walker Essay examples1755 Words   |  8 Pagespoetry, fiction and non-fiction Alice Walker exposes readers to the struggle of African- American women in the racist and misogynistic society of U.S. from 1960s to the 1990s. She faced many obstacles in her life time. Since young age she had to face the racist and misogynic world ,not jusr outside, but also inside her family there in where people hurt her both emotionally and physically. She lived under Jim Crow laws which banned black people from studying.. Alice became a writer after listeningRead MorePoems to Reminisce Childhood1443 Words   |  6 Pagesexperiences childhood; the experience elicits a large spectrum of emotions from every reader. The poems ‘Poem at Thirty-Nine’ by Alice Walker, ‘Once Upon a Time’ by Gabriel Okara, and ‘Piano’ by D.H. Lawrence explore the theme of childhood from different perspectives. In ‘Once Upon A Time’, Okara explores childhood as a time of vulnerability, where safety and protection are needed. Walker’s ‘Poem at 39’ views childhood as a time when one can start to progress to their potential, and their need forRead More‚Äà ²the Poems ‚Äà ²Remember‚Äà ´, ‚Äà ²Piano‚Äà ´ and ‚Äà ²Poem at Thirty-Nine‚Äà ´ All Explore Melancholy Emotions.‚Äà ´ How Far Do You Agree with This Statement?1178 Words   |  5 Pages‘The p oems ‘Remember’, ‘Piano’ and ‘Poem at Thirty-nine’ all explore melancholy emotions.’ How far do you agree with this statement? ‘Poem at Thirty-nine’ and ‘Piano’ explore melancholy emotions while ‘Remember’ does not in my opinion. The reasons I do no completely agree is because the three poems all have hidden feelings and meanings. ‘Poem at Thirty-nine’ shows melancholy emotions because it presents the loss of the persona’s father and ‘Piano’ portrays how D.H. Lawrence misses his childhoodRead MoreThe Handmaids Tale versus I Will Keep Broken Things Essay1469 Words   |  6 PagesWill Keep Broken Things† by Alive Walker, a woman conveys her emotions through an incredibly fractured poem. She is broken, and suffers from loss, as she produces imagery of an urn (Walker 4-5), and refers to memories, as if the person providing context to her message, is no longer there. For Offred in Atwood’s novel The Handmaid’s Tale and the narrator of Walker’s poem â€Å"I Will Keep Broken Things†, love is essential, without it, life is not whole. Both Atwood and Walker show that when love is taken awayRead MoreFemale Empowerment By Zora Neale Hurston And Their Eyes Were Watching God1874 Words   |  8 Pagesthe world—I am too busy sharpening my oyster knife (â€Å"How it Feels to Be Colored Me†153). Hurston prides herself on who she is because of her background. Her identity of being a black woman in a world that looks down upon her did not stop her. Alice Walker, an author who wrote about Zora Neale Hurston discussed the beauty in Hurston’s work at a presentation called Women Writers on The Horizon. In the presentation she tells the audience that: â€Å"[t]he beauty of this work was lost on these people becauseRead MoreThe Great English Poet By John Keats2083 Words   |  9 Pagesand acquaintances, including William Godwin, John Hamilton, Leigh Hunt, Benjamin Robert Haydon, Thomas Jefferson Hogg, Charles Lamb, Thomas Love Peacock, Crabb Robinson, Mary Shelley, Percy Bysshe Shelley, Reynolds Thomas, and William Wordsworth (Walker 2). Although John Keats never felt at home in the high-class literary circle, he did develop strong friendships with a few of the aforementioned—particularly Hunt, who introduced him to Unitarianism (Ward 82). When his schooling terminated†¦ Of theRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pages3—dc23 2011038674 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 ISBN 10: 0-13-283487-1 ISBN 13: 978-0-13-283487-2 Brief Contents Preface xxii 1 2 Introduction 1 What Is Organizational Behavior? 3 The Individual 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Diversity in Organizations 39 Attitudes and Job Satisfaction 69 Emotions and Moods 97 Personality and Values 131 Perception and Individual Decision Making 165 Motivation Concepts 201 Motivation: From Concepts to Applications 239 3 The Group 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Foundations

Accident Prevention free essay sample

The welfare of people around a certain area or in a certain line of work is of utmost importance. Thus, it is necessary to provide measures to prevent the possibility of accident related events to occur. The formation of such measures is done through careful analysis of the area being considered. Only through complete analysis can possible dangers be sorted out and potential measures aimed at accident prevention materialize. In fact, accident prevention is vital in more places than commonly perceived. In the working area of builders and construction personnel, specifically during the event of constructing a house, several perils have been pointed out including falling debris, live electrical wirings, collisions, slips, and falls. Some of these dangers may seem to be capable of causing only mild pains or injuries but some are considerably fatal. Thus, prevention measures such as the use of hard hats, tool belts, electrical precaution guidelines, as well as proper flooring installation are required during house construction. We will write a custom essay sample on Accident Prevention or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Healthcare facilities even with strict protocols are not completely accident proof. Depending on the specific job of a person in a healthcare facility, the potential dangers vary. Some of such dangers are exposure to radiation, diseases, and chemicals. Take note that even though workers are the main people at risk, the patients are at a certain level of risk as well. Thus, the management of healthcare facilities usually trains their employees properly so as to prevent accidents occurring for both the employees and clients. With such examples, it is evident that accident prevention is not an easy task. As stated, careful attention to details regarding the causative agents of accidents is needed. In contrast, the difficulty of the task does not outweigh its importance. Given this, accidents are considered to be preventable; therefore, the development of accident prevention measures is fundamental for every area since the proper execution of such measures will minimize if not eliminate the effect of hazards, in turn preventing unnecessary injuries or death.

Ellen Foster Book Report Essay Example For Students

Ellen Foster Book Report Essay Author BiographyKaye Gibbons was born in 1960 in Nash County, North Carolina. Growing up she loved to write. She graduated from Rocky Mount High School in 1978 and went on to the University of North Carolina Chapel Hill. While in college she wrote her first book, Ellen Foster, it was a huge success. Ellen Foster won the Sue Kaufinan Award for First Fiction from the Academy of Arts and Letters and many other awards. Also, it has recently been translated into many languages and gained recognition worldwide. She has written other books one being, A Virtuous Woman, which has also gained recognition. Kaye Gibbons is married and has a daughter. They live in Raleigh, North Carolina. Besides writing she is working on her degree at UNC. Setting and AtmosphereThe novel, Ellen Foster, takes place in a small town in the South. There are not very many people but the people that live there are very segregated and there is a lot of discrimination. The discrimination is one of the key points throughout the novel. Ellen, the main character, travels between many houses within this little town. The first, is in a house where her, her mom, and her dad live together. Then she moves to a house with her teacher, then she moves in with her grandma, and then she moves in with her aunt and cousin. Finally, she moves in with her newMama. The novel is a story told by Ellen. Ellen is a smart and calm young girl. It is told in a manner that nothing major ever takes place but actually many important events happen. You would think that these events would effect a young girl much more than they affect Ellen. She tells each event calmly which makes the atmosphere very calm. Main CharactersEllen- Ellen is the main character and the narrator in the novel. She is a young white girl who lives in the South. She has a very difficult life. Her mother is fatally ill and eventually dies, her dad is an abusive drank and she hates him. Her family does not like her and she does not like them. Through all of this I believe she is a very strong girl and has had a very tough life. Starletta- Starletta is Ellens best friend. She is black and pretty. She is the same age as Ellen and they are great friends. She lives in a very loving family but they are very poor. They live in a one-room house but have good lives. Ellens Dad- Ellens father is a horrible father and man. He is the worst thing to happen to Ellen. He is the one to blame for making Ellens life a disaster. He is an abusive drunk and scares Ellen to death. He basically caused the death of Ellens mother. Julia- Julia is the art teacher from school. She takes in Ellen after Ellens mother dies. She is married to a man named Roy. This family is the first bit of happiness Ellen has and finds out what a real family is like. Ellens Mamas Mama- She is Ellens Grandma. She is a very evil and cruel woman. She hates life and everything associated with it. When Ellen goes to live there she is forced to go work in the fields and when her grandma gets sick she tends for her. When her grandma dies she leaves to go live with somebody else. Nadine and Dora- This is actually two people but in can be considered one person. Nadine is Ellens aunt and Dora is her daughter. They both think that they are perfect and they both believe that the world revolves around them. Ellen lives with them for a while until she yells at both of them and then she is kicked out. Ellens New Mama- Ellens New Mama is a foster parent and raises orphaned children. Ellen moves in with her and she accepts Ellen with open arms. She is the best thing to happen to Ellen. She is very loving and caring. PrecisThis novel is a story told through the eyes of an eleven-year-old girl. The story is about events that took place in the past and events that are happening now. The girl is Ellen and all her point of views are very honest and innocent. Essay on The Triggers Of Madness : Hamlet Analysis EssayAlso, it is different how she develops the characters. There are only good or bad characters none in between. All the characters that are on Ellens side such as Starletta and her New Mama the reader likes. All the characters that seem to be against Ellen such as her dad and Nadine and Dora the reader dislikes. Finally, the one point in the novel that is the most important is that an eleven-year-old girl narrates it. This fact influences whether or not the reader will understand the story. Overall, Kaye Gibbons style is unique and interesting and I enjoyed her style a lot. Quotes1. Page 20Starletta and her mama both eat dirt. My daddy slapped me for eating dirtThe significance of this quote will not hit one, as the reader, until later on in the book. But for now one would see it as Ellens opinions on black people. By her saying this it shows how they are definitely negative opinions. 2.Page 29As Fond as I am of all three of them I do not think I could drink after them. I try to see what Starletta leaves on the lip of a bottle but I have never seen anything with the naked eye. If something is so small it is bound to get into your system and do some damage.Ellens view towards black people at this time is that they are dirty. This is someone weird considering that she has a friend that is black. By her saying this exemplifies the fact the she is proud to be white and will accept black person as a friend but will never lower herself to the same level as one. This opinion will soon change. 3. Page 32She came at me with a biscuit in her hand and held to my face. No matter how good it looks to you it is still a colored biscuit.This shows again how Ellen is putting aside a human necessity to feed the separation between herself and black people. These thoughts and ideas will soon be non-existent as she matures with age. 4. Page 66Somebody riding by here in a car could not see my face and know how I was white. But that is OK now I thought to myself of how it did not make much of a difference anymore. Suddenly all of these traumatic things that Ellen has been through may have changed her opinions from an early different Ellen. This helps to underscore the theme of Rites of passage or coming of age. It shows how once she was immature and ignorant and thought that black people were different. It now shows that she is beginning to think that they are not as different as she is. 5. Page 85I wonder to myself am I the same girl who would not drink after Starletta two years ago or eat a colored biscuit when I was starved. It is the same girl but I am old now I know it is not the germs you cannot see that slide off her lips and on to a glass then to your white lips that will hurt you or turn you colored.This quote of Ellen has definitely shown that she has made a large rite of passage and with her coming of age she has realized things that many other older people of this time have not realized. She has fully realized that she is no different than a black person. In the quote above she didnt fully realize that she was no different than a black person. She just thought that it didnt matter anymore. ThemeThe theme that I believe best represents the novel, Ellen Foster, is Rites of Passage (Coming-of-Age). I think this is the best theme for many reasons. First because Ellen continued to grow throughout the story. She was able to deal with many situations in the way she wanted to and took control of her own life. She was also able to deal with death a lot easier than would be expected of an eleven year-old. Also, she is able to handle tough situations as an adult would. She is very grown up for her, age and is a very compelling child. That is why we like her so much.

Project Management Sexual Violence in Schools

Question: Discuss about the Project Managementfor Sexual Violence in Schools. Answer: Project Relevance and Need In the last few years, the cases of violence and sexual abuse against the feminine gender have risen considerably in South Africa. The victims are not only the older women but also infants and school children. The cases of violence start from bullying and mental torture and continue to grow significantly till physical torture and murder. Hence, South Africa requires urgent help and action to prevent these crimes and save the female population of the country. Soul City is one of the voluntary organizations that have come forward for taking suitable preventive measures against the rising number of crimes against the female population (Mncube and Harber 2013). The main area where Soul City will work in partnership with Grassroot Soccer is the violence against girl children in South African schools. According to the studies, at least 60% girl children fail to complete school each year in South Africa due to rising amounts of sexual abuse, harassment, bullying, emotional and psychological punishments, rape or even murder. The main aim of Soul City is to make the environments of the schools safer for the girl children so that they are able to complete the education without any fear. The project is needed to reduce the crime rates and violence against women and South Africa and promote education among them. Moreover, self defense trainings will help the women and girl children to resist against an attempted abuse in any environment. Project Description The project deals with the development of a safe environment for the girl children in school by increasing their resistance power against attempted abuse and reducing the violence against the girl children to as much as possible. Moreover, the main target of the project is to create a safe environment in the schools so that female students are able to complete their education without facing any kinds of violence or abuse. The project also targets training and counseling of the female students so that they are able to stand up against the criminals and abusers and successfully resist any attempts of abuse (Jewkes, Flood and Lang 2015). The cases of violence start from bullying and mental torture and continue to grow significantly till physical torture and murder. As a result, South Africa requires urgent help and action to prevent these crimes and save the female population of the country. Soul City is one of the voluntary organizations that have come forward for taking suitable preve ntive measures against the rising number of crimes against the female population. Hence, this project is aimed at reducing crimes rates against female students in school and helping the female students in completing their education without any fear. Expected Results The expected results are as follows. Girls Empowerment The first main target of the project and expected result is girls empowerment. Soul City aims at training the girl children in the schools so that they do not run away from schools and stand up against any violence or abuse attempt made towards them. Most of the abusers get more adamant as the girls run away from the schools instead of standing up against them. However, if the girls are able to stand up against these abusers and take action against them, it is expected the abuse rate will be successfully reduced significantly. School Capacity Strengthening Another expected result is the strengthening of school capacity against fighting of violence and abuse actions done on the female children. In order to reduce the rates of abuse and crime, school must play the major role and take immediate and suitable actions against the abusers (Meinck et al. 2016). Without the help of the school authority, the female children will not be able to stand up and resist the abuse attempts. The schools are expected to be able to identify the abusers and punish them strongly in order to prevent any acts of violence and abuse in the school boundaries. Participation of Parents Another major target of the project is to educate the parents in guiding their children to fight against abuse attempts and violence. Moreover, it has been noticed that many parents are sexist in nature and abort or sell their girl children in favor of boy child. The project will focus on addressing this issue and educate the parents in realizing the fact that girl children are priceless treasures of a society. The parents must learn about the different abuse and violence activities that are faced by the girl children at schools. Moreover, they should also learn not to exhibit sexist behavior towards their children and treat all of them equally. If these targets are achieved, the girl children will be more encouraged to fight against violence and abuse. Changing Attitudes of Boys Another important target to be reached by this project is changing the attitudes of the boys towards girls. It has been seen that the mentality of most of the boys is to demean the girls and treat them with extremely low quality behavior (Barth et al. 2013). These cases of hatred lead to the violence and abuse practices of the boys. Hence, the boys must be educated in order to change these types of mentalities. The boys should be taught to treat girls equally and not abuse them. Unless the education starts at grassroot level, these mentalities cannot be changed generally. Hence, the target of this project is to educate the boys during primary school to respect girls and not abuse them. Community Members The final expected outcome of the project is the engagement of the community members around the schools to take active parts in stopping violence and abuse against girls in the schools. In order to resist violence and abuse attempt, the neighboring community members must take suitable actions and ensure the wrongdoers are not able to run away after doing some criminal activity in the school. Moreover, these community members can take active part in making the environment in school safe for all the students. National Scope and Acceptability South Africa requires urgent help and action to prevent these crimes and save the female population of the country. Soul City is one of the voluntary organizations that have come forward for taking suitable preventive measures against the rising number of crimes against the female population. The main area where Soul City will work in partnership with Grassroot Soccer is the violence against girl children in South African schools. According to the studies, at least 60% girl children fail to complete school each year in South Africa due to rising amounts of sexual abuse, harassment, bullying, emotional and psychological punishments, rape or even murder (Shamu et al. 2015). The main aim of Soul City is to make the environments of the South African schools safer for the girl children so that they are able to complete the education without any fear. Due to the issues, the education system of South Africa is getting eroded and the literacy rate is also decreasing at a constant rate. Hence , the national scope of this project is increase in literacy rate in South Africa, especially the women. Partnerships and Collaborations In order to implement this project, Grassroot Soccer is collaborating with Soul City Institute for Health Development Communication NPC. In this collaboration, stakeholders from both the organizations will take active parts in ensuring all the proposed plans and actions for creating a safe environment for girl children in schools of South Africa. Sustainability Plan In order to ensure the project outcomes do not fail, a sustainability plan is necessary. The main objective of this plan will be to maintain sustainability of the project i.e. to continue providing safe educational environment in the schools for the girl children in South Africa (Bhana 2015). The project is based on a long-term effect plan for increasing the literacy rate of women in South Africa and prevent the violence and abuse against them. Hence, there must be a sustainability plan for the project that will have to be executed along with the execution of the project. Evaluation Plan The evaluation of the project will be based on certain factors. These factors will depend on the actual outcomes of the project. As discussed previously, there are certain specific outcomes that are expected from the project. It is desired that all these outcomes be met in order at the end of the project. After the project is complete, a document will be prepared based on the generated actual outcomes (Dartnall and Jewkes 2013). The evaluation of this document will be based on the comparison between the expected outcomes and the actual outcomes. Hence, in order to find the actual outcomes, a survey will be conducted six months after the completion of the project. The trend of the opinions of the girl children in the survey will determine the success of the project. Logical Framework Diagram Figure: Logic Frame Diagram (Source: Created by Author) References Barth, J., Bermetz, L., Heim, E., Trelle, S. and Tonia, T., 2013. The current prevalence of child sexual abuse worldwide: a systematic review and meta-analysis.International journal of public health,58(3), pp.469-483. Bhana, D., 2015. When caring is not enough: The limits of teachers support for South African primary school-girls in the context of sexual violence.International Journal of Educational Development,41, pp.262-270. Cluver, L., Meinck, F., Yakubovich, A., Doubt, J., Redfern, A., Ward, C., Salah, N., De Stone, S., Petersen, T., Mpimpilashe, P. and Romero, R.H., 2016. Reducing child abuse amongst adolescents in low-and middle-income countries: a pre-post trial in South Africa.BMC public health,16(1), p.567. Dartnall, E. and Jewkes, R., 2013. Sexual violence against women: the scope of the problem.Best practice research Clinical obstetrics gynaecology,27(1), pp.3-13. Hinsberger, M., Sommer, J., Kaminer, D., Holtzhausen, L., Weierstall, R., Seedat, S., Madikane, S. and Elbert, T., 2016. Perpetuating the cycle of violence in South African low-income communities: attraction to violence in young men exposed to continuous threat.European journal of psychotraumatology,7(1), p.29099. Jewkes, R., Flood, M. and Lang, J., 2015. From work with men and boys to changes of social norms and reduction of inequities in gender relations: a conceptual shift in prevention of violence against women and girls.The Lancet,385(9977), pp.1580-1589. Lambert, C. and Andipatin, M., 2014. An exploration of student perceptions of the risks and protective factors associated with child sexual abuse and incest in the Western Cape, South Africa.African Safety Promotion: A Journal of Injury and Violence Prevention,12(1), pp.35-51. Mathews, S. and Benvenuti, P., 2014. Violence against children in South Africa: Developing a prevention agenda.South African Child Gauge,1, pp.26-34. Meinck, F., Cluver, L.D., Boyes, M.E. and Loening-Voysey, H., 2016. Physical, emotional and sexual adolescent abuse victimisation in South Africa: prevalence, incidence, perpetrators and locations.Journal of epidemiology and community health,70(9), pp.910-916. Mncube, V.U.S.I. and Harber, C., 2013. The dynamics of violence in South African schools.UNISA, Pretoria. Otwombe, K.N., Dietrich, J., Sikkema, K.J., Coetzee, J., Hopkins, K.L., Laher, F. and Gray, G.E., 2015. Exposure to and experiences of violence among adolescents in lower socio-economic groups in Johannesburg, South Africa.BMC public health,15(1), p.450. Shamu, S., Gevers, A., Mahlangu, B.P., Shai, P.N.J., Chirwa, E.D. and Jewkes, R.K., 2015. Prevalence and risk factors for intimate partner violence among Grade 8 learners in urban South Africa: baseline analysis from the Skhokho Supporting Success cluster randomised controlled trial.International health, p.ihv068.

Lord Of The Flies Essays (354 words) - Fiction,

Lord Of The Flies Critique Lord of the Flies written by Willam Golding, is a 208 page novel, written in 1954. Lord of the Flies is about a group of of young english boys who's planes crashes onto a remote island. Throught the novel the boys gradually changed from civilzed english boys to to small savages that need to surive. The author used many metaphors and Imagery to describe the situations and places on the island. All the places in the island where described very well for example when Ralph first used the conch to call the other boys. The author says, ?Ralph pursed his lips and squurted air into the shell, which emitted a low , farting noise.? That line tells the reader exactly how he blew the conch and he described how he put he is lips on it and what sound it made. He uses very descriptive words in that line and the reader feels like they are standing right next too them. the authors metaphors are also another good use of litery techinque it in the book. Willam Golding also uses alliteration in this next example. This quote is when Jck is ready to hunt the beast. ?He gave a wild whoop and leapt down to the pale sand.? Wild whoop? would be alliteration and could also be considered onomapeia. The ?pale sand? is a metaphor beacuse it described what the sand looked like. Willam Golding used many literary techinques in this book which make the book more interesting and fun to read. Lord of the Flies by Willam Golding was very interesting and fun too read. I liked how the author described many aspects of the island and the creatures that lived on it. The book was very detalitled so i always new what was going on and it felt like I was right there because the book is so detailed. I liked reading Lord of the Flies because it was very interesting. It described so manythings that i could imagine being next to one of the characters. Lord of The Flies proved ot be a great adventure novel. I would recomened this book to anyone who likes to read adventure novels and peole who like a good ending in the book.

Cultural differences

Introduction It is a moral and social responsibility of organizations and business enterprises to embrace cultural diversity within their organizational workforce (Ãâ€"zbilgin, 2009). The reliance on a diverse organizational workforce normally serves to be a sign of the diversity of the community that the business organization undertakes its operations. Ignoring cultural diversity can impose significant effects on the business performance of an organization, and can additionally impose huge costs regarding the damaged business reputation.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Cultural differences specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Cultural diversity can generally be described as valuing every organizational member as an individual. With this respect, managing diversity is core to the effective management of people within an organization, and it is usually relevant to the all the business processes and functions (Marlene , 2000). The significant challenge when managing diversity is to establish an organizational culture that meets the values of every organizational member, which is needed to foster employee productivity. Research studies report that most organizations are faced with difficulties during workforce recruitment, as a result, business enterprises and organizations that do not emphasize on managing diversity are gradually risking in the increasing competition for available talent across diverse cultures. In the present business environment that is competitive, it is imperative that business enterprises explore all the potential sources that can be used to create a competitive advantage (Kwiatkowski, 2005). The implication of this is that employers must have an in depth understanding of the aspect of diversity and its relationship with business performance, this offers a framework through which business enterprises can compete productively. This paper explores the cultural diversity issues that face the TMT companies in Europe, reasons why people may not appreciate the cultural point of view of others and how appreciating cultural diversity affects people’s ability to communicate effectively in the context of a multinational corporation. The paper also offers suggestions regarding the steps that the company can take and policies that can be put in order to ensure that its global expansion strategy is successful.Advertising Looking for essay on cultural studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Reasons why people may not appreciate the cultural viewpoint of others The most significant challenge posed by cultural diversity in an organization is miscommunication; this is because of the differences in the interpretations of the messages associated with cross-cultural communication. This implies that it is difficult to manage and motivate individuals in an organizational environment that is culturally diverse (Human, 2005). The second reason why individuals may not appreciate cultural viewpoint of others is because of cultural bias from the organizational members themselves. This entails cases of discrimination from fellow organizational members. This happens through avenues like racism. Through a high level of prejudice and biases, some people discriminate against other people who possess different characteristics. Cultural discrimination happens when the majority group confronts the representatives of minority group (Goldsmith Hu-Chan, 2003). In addition, assimilation is usually constrained by diversity in the organization. This is because any attempt to assimilate individuals into the organizational culture that is dominant poses negative influences to the organizational members and the larger organization. Additionally, individuals who have been subjected to assimilation usually have difficulties in expressing their opinions (Chartered Institute of Personal Development, 2006). How a ppreciating cultural diversity affects peoples’ ability to communicate effectively in the context of a multinational corporation Business enterprises have a moral and social responsibility of ensuring that they embrace diversity and equal opportunities. There are business case and legal case advantages associated with embracing diversity and equal opportunities within the organizational workforce. Diversity management is becoming an important concept that helps in the establishment of an organization that is diverse and reflects the community from which the organization undertakes its business operations (Bolman Deal, 2008). One of the most significant business case advantages associated with diversity and equal opportunities is that it results to an improved corporate reputation. Diversity in the workforce reflects an ethical position by the company, which in turn enhances the positive image of the company. This develops the partnership between the organization and its cust omers, which may help in expanding the customer base and ultimately the market share (Bishop Glynn, 1999). The second business case advantage is that diversity helps in the establishment of a reliable workforce owing to the fact that there are diverse people with diverse skills and experience. This is also enhanced by an extra source of talent for the company. The third business case advantage is that diversity and equal opportunity helps in improving the staff relations and employee productivity. This is achieved through the adoption of good practice during diversity management and the implementation of equal opportunity policies. Employee productivity transforms to customer satisfaction which implies increased profitability and an increase in the market share (Baum, 1996).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Cultural differences specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Suggestions regarding the steps that the company can take and policies that can be put in place to help ensure the company’s global expansion are successful The startup point for fostering cultural diversity within any organization entails valuing the individual differences and considering them as an organizational asset owing to the fact that individuals are usually different and distinctive in their own way, implying that each person within the organization has his/her own strengths and weakness. Basing on this, the organization can make use of the rich mix of talent, expertise and experience which can offer significant contributions that can enhance organizational and individual performance (Bolman Deal, 2008). The most effective approach to managing cultural diversity should entail a more proactive approach. The following are the recommendations for TMT Companies in UK concerning the ways through which they can establish and sustain a diverse workforce and implement their equal opportunities policies (Kwiatkowski, 2005). The first recommendation for the company is that it should implement urgent strategic advantages. The company must tailor their diversity management approach in a manner that the strategic benefits can be evaluated and realized quickly after its implementation. This plays an integral role in the evaluation of the strategic success of the diversity management strategies. This requires the formulation of better protocols that are required to quantify the potential business contribution to the organization after the implementation of diversity management (Bishop Glynn, 1999). The second recommendation to the company is to focus on developing the strategic capability of its diversity practitioners. This requires further work aimed at strengthening the influencing ability and the strategic ability of the company’s diversity personnel. This will play an important role in embracing diversity by the company. The third recommendation for the company is that it should focus on the gro wth of executive diversity leaders in order to address the diversity challenges facing the company. In order to realize this, the company can rely on the services of professional development providers and effective leadership approaches that embrace the significance of diversity within the organization.Advertising Looking for essay on cultural studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In addition, it is recommended that the senior diversity practitioners within the organization should work closely together with top management team in order to facilitate the establishment of a more diverse organizational culture across all the organizational levels (IBM, 2009). Flexibility is also an important attribute that business leaders in the present business environment can deploy in order to overcome the challenges imposed by cultural diversity. It can be viewed from two distinctive categories: the capability to carry out ones duties irrespective of cultures and location and the ability to handle change and uncertainty in the complex business environment. In the context of cultural flexibility, efficient leaders should be able to go beyond cultural margins and come up with leadership approaches that are necessary for conducting business at the international level. They have to appreciate the fact that no single leadership methodology will be suitable for the different cult ural orientations and therefore he should be able adjust his/her leadership approach in order to meet the situation (Ãâ€"zbilgin, 2009). An implementation of the above guarantees an improvement in the business performance of the organization, competitive advantage through customer satisfaction and employee productivity. It is therefore important that the company does not only realize the importance of diversity and equal opportunity policies beyond complying with the legal requirements (Goldsmith Hu-Chan, 2003). References Baum, J. (1996). Organizational Ecology. London: Sage Publications. Bishop, R., Glynn, T. (1999). Culture Counts: changing power relations in education. Palmerston North: Dunmore press. Bolman, L., Deal, T. (2008). Reframing organizations: Artistry, choice, and leadership. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass Publishers. Chartered Institute of Personal Development. (2006). Diversity in Business: How Much progress have employers made? Diversity in Business , 3-15. Go ldsmith, M., Hu-Chan, M. (2003). Global leadership: the next generation. New York: Pearson education Inc Prentice hall. Human, N. (2005). Diversity management: for business success. London: Van Schaik. IBM. (2009). IBM Global Study: Majority of Organisational Change Projects Fail. Retrieved from ibm.com: https://www.ibm.com/hk-en?lnk=m Kwiatkowski, R. (2005). Trends in organisations and selection: an introduction. Journal of Managerial Psychology , 18 (5), 382-394. Marlene, G. (2000). Cultural Diversity in the Workplace: The State of the Field. Journal of Business Communication , 33 (2), 488-502. Ãâ€"zbilgin, M. (2009). Equality, diversity and inclusion at work: a research companion. Washington, DC: Edward Elgar Publishing. This essay on Cultural differences was written and submitted by user Colleen Wing to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Composition Essay Samples How to Write about Napoleon Bonaparte

Composition Essay Samples How to Write about Napoleon Bonaparte How is it possible that Napoleon Bonaparte, the most feared man in Europe, ruler of France, the most powerful nation in Europe in the early 1800’s, could ever possibly be defeated? The answer lies not so much the in battles that he lost, but rather in the many internal struggles Napoleon faced. The Quadruple Alliance was a unified effort with allied nations against Napoleon: Great Britain, Russia, Prussia, and Austria. These four nations agreed to put an end to existing revolutions in Europe. This force of nations coming together to defeat Napoleon did not make things any easier for the French emperor, but by this time, Napoleon was already in decline. Throughout history, it is clear that a huge empire will eventually have many forces working against it. An example of this is nepotism, which was present throughout countries that Napoleon controlled, which led to weak rulers. This is present in Spain, where Napoleon appointed his brother, Joseph Bonaparte as ruler, revolt event ually led to war. Another reason that Napoleon was defeated was the strength of the British and their Navy. Since they controlled the seas, they also controlled trading. Personal weaknesses, sickness, along with French exhaustion, all lead to the fall of Napoleon. Obviously the Quadruple Alliance itself was not the deciding factor in Napoleon’s defeat. Great Britain alone was one of the strongest forces in the defeat of Napoleon. On land, Napoleon was successful against the British, but on sea the British, led by Admiral Horatio Nelson and his brilliant navel strategies, easily defeated the French Naval Forces. Great Britain also created the Orders of Council, which ordered neutral nations not to trade with France (World Book 116). This was much more effective than Napoleon’s Continental System because Great Britain controlled the seas. Napoleon had many problems that were unrelated to the Quadruple Alliance. When he issued the Decrees of Berlin and Milan, Portugal was not happy because they wanted to trade with Britain (Encarta CD-ROM). To subdue Portugal, French troops had to cross Spain. Soon troops were forced to occupy Spain as well as Portugal. When the Spanish revolted, Napoleon appointed his brother Joseph as Monarch. The Spanish found this to be very disrespectful to have a foreign ruler appointed, and thus fought w ith even greater passion and desire. Assisting the Spaniards in ultimately freeing themselves from Napoleon’s control was the English army under the command of Arthur Wellesley (Britannica 185). Wellesley was later made the Duke of Wellington, where he would take an even more drastic role in Napoleon’s defeat. This war with Spain, based on a rise of nationalism, was the beginning of the end for Napoleon. There were also many more problems with rebellions by Austria and Russia. Alexander I of Russia broke his Alliance with Napoleon, due to Russia’s failing economy. This lead to Napoleon suffering what is considered to be his worst defeat ever when he went to war with Russia. This defeat was largely due to the French being pushed by the Russians towards the torched city of Moscow. Here they froze, starved or were killed in battle. This defeat encouraged other countries to try for victory. Although allied nations did combine to inflict another defeat for Napoleon at the battle of Leipzig in 1813, it must be noted that the Quadruple Alliance was not officially established at this time and there were many other influences that led to Napoleon’s decline, completely unrelated to the unification of allied nations (Connections 501). Napoleon’s defeat at the Battle of Waterloo was not determined because of the Quadruple Alliance, but rather it was due to tactical mistakes on behalf of Napoleon. Napoleon made the mistake of entrusting his armies to inferior generals such as Ney, who had no real education, and Marshal Emmanuel de Grouchy, who lacked the charismatic spirit that Napoleon’s men needed before battle. He also made the mistake of underestimating his opponents. Napoleon’s health was also to blame for his defeat. At Waterloo he suffered an array of aliments such as stomach pains, and pneumonia (Encarta CD-ROM). His actions were lethargic; he was slow in issuing commands, and responding to messages. While Napoleon misjudged his opponents, Wellington did not. Wellington had fought against Napoleon before, and was a master of defensive tactics. Ney made many mistakes in the battle, his worst being sending his cavalry to attack hastily, unsupported by infantry (World Book 116). They were s laughtered within minutes. Despite the surprise attack by the Prussians and organization of the Quadruple Alliance helping defeat Napoleon at Waterloo, the British would still have defeated Napoleon due to his own personal doubts, faults and downfall. Powerful and prospering nations do not fall for one single reason. In many cases organized opposition steps up to the powerful nation only after that nation has internal struggles or conflicts. The Roman Empire fell because of many reasons, one being nepotism, which was also one of the reasons of Napoleon’s defeat. To be successful, countries need to have many well-qualified leaders, especially one as complicated as Napoleon’s vast empire. Hitler was also defeated due to many nations uniting together and also because of personal weaknesses and mistakes in strategy. Nations need to realize that they can only push their luck so far because there will most likely always be opposition. History shows that a nation that is based merely on the conquering of other nations will eventually fall to the mixture of rising opposition and internal problems. War is not a good foundation for a nation. A strong nation must develop a strong economy, one where peace and prosperity is more evident than war. If this is not so, the people will eventually become dissatisfied and begin to revolt. At the start of his reign, Napoleon stood for the beliefs of the French Revolution but his power and attention turned into conquering other nations. A nation seeking to conquer will not last, because there are simply too many powerful nations for one to rule all the rest. The world would start to realize that a nation built on the democratic principles of the United States of America would become more powerful with its strong economy than a nation always built on war. Peace is stronger than war. You can order a custom essay, term paper, research paper, thesis or dissertation on Napoleon from our professional custom essay writing service which provides students with high-quality custom written papers on any topics.

Symbolism in “A Good Man Is Hard to Find” Essays

Symbolism in â€Å"A Good Man Is Hard to Find† Essays Symbolism in â€Å"A Good Man Is Hard to Find† Paper Symbolism in â€Å"A Good Man Is Hard to Find† Paper Mary Flannery O’Connor was an influential American writer who was born in 1925, writing two novels, thirty-two short stories and numerous essays and reviews. Her life was complicated by a fifteen-year battle with lupus and she died at the age of thirty-nine. Her philosophy on fiction writing was that it should first and foremost be based in the solidly concrete world (Olson, 42). This is the essence of how she breathed life into her work. She explored symbolism and deeper themes as well, but they came after the concrete details. Some persistent symbolic themes in her writing include farms, small towns, hallucinations or hallucinations, the south, violence, prejudice, self-discovery, and, her most common theme, religion and the Catholic faith (Irving, 113). O’Connor uses recurring themes and symbolism in all of her stories, none more so that â€Å"A Good Man Is Hard to Find. † These symbols are hidden in the prose and unlocking them adds to the depth, influence and impact of the story. The prevalent symbolism used pertains to the Catholic faith, Jesus and judgment. She also uses color and character to tie in the idea of the changing times and society’s disintegration. Everything from the name of the town they are seeking, the forest and the journey itself are used by in this story to represent a deeper truth. They explore the innermost struggle of man and the quest for self-identity and understanding and the need for a person to face their own reality by delving into their character rather than the place they believe they hold in the society and the concrete world. The characters of the grandmother and the Misfit symbolize different aspects of human self-awareness as well as the idea of Jesus, redemption and hypocrisy. Their depiction as symbols instead of solidly real individuals is evident in their names – they are not given one. Instead they are referred to by the place they hold in society, the â€Å"grandmother†, the â€Å"Misfit,† which is more important than who they are as people. The grandmother is the sinner, so blinded by her own self-perceived morality and social identity that she is blinded to her own faults and therefore fails to repent. Her faith is all about appearances rather than sincerity, such as her selection for her attire and the reason for it, Her collars and cuffs were white organdy trimmed with lace and at her neckline she had pinned a purple spray of cloth violets containing a sachet. In case of an accident, anyone seeing her dead on the highway would know at once that she was a lady (O’Connor, 118). The Misfit, while the villain of the tale, sits as judge and jury. He is the only one in the story that contemplates the deeper truth to man’s existence, indicating his contemplative nature and the need for man to question their existence, â€Å"Jesus was the only One that ever raised the dead . . . He shouldn’t have done it . . . If He did what He said, then it’s nothing to do but throw away everything and follow Him, and if He didn’t, then it’s nothing for you to do but enjoy the few minutes you got left† (O’Connor, 132). While the grandmother fails to recognize her own faults, the Misfit knows not only his own failings but also those of others, indicating the all-seeing eye of Jesus (Bonney, 351). When she is left alone with the Misfit, after several tries, she manages to say, â€Å"Jesus, Jesus,† meaning that the Misfit should pray, yet it came out as a curse. This statement is evidence that she secretly blames God and Christ for her dilemma. The Misfit on the other hand does not believe in a higher power even as he symbolizes one. Additionally, the Misfit originally chose the pseudonym he holds because he believed he was punished excessively for his perceived crime, which he does not remember. This is similar to how Jesus died for the sins of all mankind, as He did not have any of his own. The grandmother brings up Jesus and prayer because she is trying to find a way out so she hopes to instill grace and regret in the Misfit; she does so to save her own life rather than because she believed: she is a hypocrite. After recognizing the Misfit’s identity, much as one recognizes the presence of God at the time of judgment, the grandmother devotes herself to trying to escape the net she is caught in rather than in the act of prayer. She even denies Jesus, even calling the Misfit Jesus, in an attempt to stave off her own demise and offers counterfeit affection to the Misfit in order to persuade him to relent, â€Å"’Why you’re one of my babies . . . one of my own children! ’ She reached out and touched him† (O’Connor, 132). The Misfit recognized the falseness of her actions and shot her through the chest, much as Jesus knows when a person’s belief is true or if they merely seem faithful. While the grandmother has a greater capacity for grace than the Misfit does, she fails to fulfill it (Bandy, 110). The family’s journey itself is a symbol of man’s walk of faith. The grandmother does not wish to go to Florida, does not wish to walk the correct path and stay true to her beliefs. When her requests are ignored and she is forced to travel to Florida instead of Tennessee, she dresses it up in artifice rather than sincerity. At the first opportunity, she attempts to detour the family to another road, using persuasion and deception to generate supporters, she steers others away from the path of God as well. This is their undoing as it places them directly in the way of tragedy. Here too, the Misfit symbolizes Jesus. As Jesus knows when a person is unfaithful, the Misfit judges and punishes the family for their lack of faith (Bandy, 111). At the beginning of the story, the children play the game of identifying shapes in the clouds. This ties into the use of symbols to represent the grandmother’s superficial faith. Clouds are ever changing decorations of the sky, much as she ‘decorates’ herself in lady like apparel in order to portray an image that she does not feel. The clouds present an appearance of one thing but are in fact quite different. After the family’s accident, the Misfit comments that the sky is without sun or clouds: the artifice has been stripped away as well as the guide for the grandmother to follow – the sun, which is always present in the day, is identified as absent here. The Misfit sees the truth of the grandmother’s character and does not allow her to hide behind false pretenses or recover her lost path; she is to be punished for her crime. Here, the Misfit is the vengeful God and the sinner is not so innocent. Rather that symbolizing innocence, as children often do in works of fiction, in â€Å"A Good Man Is Hard to Find,† they represent the aspects of life that one cannot control and the truth that those events hold. In the beginning of the story, as the grandmother attempts to dissuade the family from going to Florida and to go instead to Tennessee, John Wesley asks the grandmother why she does not just stay home. June Star replies â€Å"She wouldn’t stay home to be queen for a day. † Only June Star recognizes this aspect of her grandmother’s personality and is forthright enough to mention. Throughout the story, June Star speaks her truth honestly and openly, though her opinions are high-minded and prejudicial. The Misfit mentions his unease with children, saying that they make him nervous. He recognizes their capacity for unpredictable behavior, as the road of life is unpredictable, and asks his companions to rein them in. There are many symbols of death through the story, particularly toward the end of the family’s journey. The name of the town the grandmother is seeking is called Toombsboro, clearly calling to mind the image of a tomb. She is inadvertently seeking death. The dark and heavy forest near where the family has their accident is a symbol of death as well, with its shadows, hidden threats and unknowable reality. Indeed, five members of the family find their end in these woods. The car driven by the Misfit and his two companions is described as â€Å"hearse-like;† a very blatant symbol of death and one’s journey to what waits beyond. Another symbol used throughout the story is the color red, used to represent the fact that society is changing. Red is the most used color in the work, creating a link for each character and event to follow. The grandmother and Red Sammy, the restaurant owner, reminisce together on better times, revealing their own prejudice on how things have changed. This identifies Red Sammy as a symbol of those changing times. When she later remembers that the plantation is in another state, she goes â€Å"red. † This ties her embarrassment to Red Sammy – red and Red – and their discussion of the good old days. She had failed to recall them correctly and she was deeply embarrassed. Later, when the men get out of the car, it is revealed that one of the occupants was wearing a red sweatshirt, another tie to red. The third man’s ankles were also described as red as he was climbing down the embankment and the Misfit’s eyes are described as â€Å"red-rimmed. † It also symbolizes anger as the grandmother is angered by the fact that the times had changed. These images further symbolize the way society had altered as these men represent those changes. This color symbolism ties each of these aspects of the story together in a united theme. The symbolism used in this story instills in the reader a deeper sense of appreciation as well as a desire to look into themselves in order to discover their own truth. The united themes and symbolism tie the story together and without them, the depiction created would be hollow, without a soul or any real meaning. O’Connor centers her stories around the concrete world; yet, it is the depth she weaves into her fiction that makes it so valuable. The Christian faith is clearly her resounding symbol in this story, yet other aspects of it stand forth as well. The grandmother and the Misfit are not people; they are representations of the flaws and frailties in all human beings, the ones that define man as a sinner and make mankind run from itself. By penning these startling tributes to self-discovery and truth, O’Connor is able to grasp the very real and necessary desire for society to examine itself neutrally rather than with rose-colored glasses. Bandy, Stephen. â€Å"`One of My Babies: The misfit and the grandmother. † Studies in Short Fiction; Winter96, Vol. 33 Issue 1. 107-118. Bonney, William. â€Å"The Moral Structure of Flannery OConnors A Good Man is Hard to Find. † Studies in Short Fiction; Summer 90, Vol. 27 Issue 3, 347-356. Irving, Malin. â€Å"Flannery O’Connor and the Grotesque. † In the Added Dimension: The Art and Mind of Flannery O’Connor. Melvin Friedman and Lewis A. Lawson, eds. New York: Fordham University Press, 1966. 113-114. O’Connor, Flannery. â€Å"A Good Man Is Hard to Find. † The Complete Stories. New York: Ferrar, Straus and Giroux, 1971. 117-133. Olson, Steven. â€Å"Tarwater’s Hats. † Studies in the Literary Imagination; Fall 1987, Vol. 20, Issue 2, 37-49.

How to Conjugate the Verb Potere in Italian

How to Conjugate the Verb Potere in Italian Talking about what you can and can’t do is a basic cornerstone of everyday conversation, so you’re going to want to know the verb â€Å"potere† and its conjugations inside and out. What’s more, it’s an irregular verb, so it doesn’t follow the typical -ere verb ending pattern. Below you’ll find all of its conjugation tables as well as examples. Some definitions of â€Å"potere† include: To be able toCanMay What to know about potere: It’s a transitive verb, so it takes a direct object.When it’s used as a modal verb, it usually takes the auxiliary verb required by the verb it is paired with.The infinito is â€Å"potere†.The participio passato is â€Å"potuto†.The gerund form is â€Å"potendo†.The past gerund form is â€Å"avendo potuto†. INDICATIVO/INDICATIVE Il presente io posso noi possiamo tu puoi voi potete lui, lei, Lei pu loro, Loro possono Esempi: Possiamo andare al Colosseo? - Can we go to the Coliseum?Mi puà ² aiutare? - Can you help me? (formal)Loro possono fare tutto quello che vogliono. - They can do whatever they want. Il passato prossimo io ho potuto noi abbiamo potuto tu hai potuto voi avete potuto lui, lei, Lei ha potuto loro, Loro hanno potuto Esempi: L’anno scorso ho guadagnato un sacco di soldi, cosà ¬ ho potuto comprare una nuova macchina!   - Last year I earned a bunch of money, so I was able to buy a new car.Non ti abbiamo potuto aspettare. - We couldn’t wait for you. L’imperfetto io potevo noi potevamo tu potevi voi potevate lui, lei, Lei poteva loro, Loro potevano Esempi: C’erano tante lingue tra cui potevo scegliere ad imparare, perà ² alla fine, ho scelto l’Italiano. - There were a lot of languages I could have chosen to learn, but in the end, I chose Italian.Quando mi ha raccontato la storia, non ci potevo credere! - When he told me the story, I couldn’t believe it! Il trapassato prossimo io avevo potuto noi avevamo potuto tu avevi potuto voi avevate potuto lui, lei, Lei aveva potuto loro, Loro avevano potuto Esempi: Non avevo mai potuto studiare all’estero. - I had never been able to study abroad.Era il massimo che loro avevano potuto fare. - It was the maximum they had been able to do. Il passato remoto io potei/potetti noi potemmo tu potesti voi poteste lui, lei, Lei pot/potette loro, Loro poterono/potettero Esempi: L’esercito di Napoleone non potà © sopravvivere nella campagna sperduta della Russia durante l’inverno. - Napoleon’s army couldn’t survive in the hopeless countryside of Russia during the winter.I nostri bisnonni non poterono/potettero viaggiare dapertutto come possiamo attualmente. - Our great-grandparents couldn’t travel anywhere like we can now. Il trapassato remoto io ebbi potuto noi avemmo potuto tu avesti potuto voi aveste potuto lui, lei, Lei ebbe potuto essi, Loro ebbero potuto Esempi: Quando i bambini ebbero potuto, mangiarono le caramelle. - When kids were could, they ate candies.Continuai a ripetere la stessa frase, finchà ¨ Mary ebbe potuto capire. - I kept repeating the same sentence, until Mary was able to understand. TIP: This tense is rarely used, so don’t worry too much about mastering it. You’ll find it in very sophisticated writing, and that’s about it. Il futuro semplice io potr noi potremo tu potrai voi potrete lui, lei, Lei potr loro, Loro potranno Esempi: Quando tornano a casa, potremo andare a cena. - When they return home, we will be able to go to dinner.Potranno guardare il film con noi? - Will they will be able to watch the movie with us? Il futuro anteriore io avr potuto noi avremo potuto tu avrai potuto voi avrete potuto lui, lei, Lei avr potuto loro, Loro avranno potuto Esempi: Avevi il pomeriggio libero, avrai potuto dedicarti a te stessa! - You had a free afternoon, you must have dedicated time to yourself! Come avrete potuto notare avete passato l’esame! - As you will have noticed, you passed the exam! CONGIUNTIVO/SUBJUNCTIVE Il presente io possa noi possiamo tu possa voi possiate lui, lei, Lei possa loro, Loro possano Esempi: Penso che, dato che ho gi il visto, io possa vivere in Italia per un anno. - Given that I already have a visa, I think that I live in Italy for a year.Sono contenta che tu possa venire con noi. - I’m happy that you can come with us. Il passato io abbia potuto noi abbiamo potuto tu abbia potuto voi abbiate potuto lui, lei, Lei abbia potuto loro, Loro abbiano potuto Esempi: Sono felice che Leonardo abbia potuto aiutarti. - I’m happy that Leonardo was able to help you.Non siamo sicuri se abbiano potuto trovare la scuola. - We’re not sure if they were able to find the school. L’imperfetto io potessi noi potessimo tu potessi voi poteste lui, lei, Lei potesse loro, Loro potessero Esempi: Speravo che lui potesse aiutarmi! - I hoped that he would be able to help me!Credeva che potesse cercare un nuovo lavoro senza problemi. - She believed she would be able to find a new job without problems. Il trapassato prossimo io avessi potuto noi avessimo potuto tu avessi potuto voi aveste potuto lui, lei, Lei avesse potuto loro, Loro avessero potuto Esempi: Vorrei che loro avessero potuto vederci! - I wish they could have seen us!Loro sono entrati alla festa, senza che la padrona di casa avesse potuto fare niente. - They showed up at the party, without the owner of the house could have done anything. CONDIZIONALE/CONDITIONAL Il presente io potrei noi potremmo tu potresti voi potreste lui, lei, Lei potrebbe loro, Loro potrebbero Esempi: Potrei andarci, perà ² non voglio. - I could go there, but I don’t want to.Lei vuole viaggiare? Potrebbe andare in Francia e fare WOOFing. - She wants to travel? She could go to France and do WOOFing. Il passato io avrei potuto noi avremmo potuto tu avresti potuto voi avreste potuto lui, lei, Lei avrebbe potuto loro, Loro avrebbero potuto Avrei potuto dirtelo, ma ho pensato non fossi pronta. - I could have told you, but I thought you weren’t ready.Avrebbe potuto scrivere almeno una e-mail! - She could have written at least one e-mail!

Management and Information Systems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Management and Information Systems - Essay Example And when the management team and the employees work together, they will be aided by various tools, including technological tools Through out the 20th century, many technological products including Information Technology products were developed around the world, which had and is still having applications in all spheres of human lives. Out of the many technological products developed, a good number are being used in organisations, particularly Information Technology products. That is, organisation of today have used or integrated technology in every aspect of their functioning. From opening a simple door to carrying out advanced operations, technology has become an omnipresent entity in organisations, with their entire operations hinging on the support provided by technology, particularly Information Technology. The employees working in organisation will use the technological tools in various ways to complete their works effectively, easily and quickly. But, at the same time, the same employees could use the technological tools, specifically Information Technology products negatively to gain undue advantages or profits for themselves, and thereby cause damages to the organizations. This could happen when the employees’ thought process due to the certain negative situations and intentions, starts functioning in the negative direction. Negative direction in the sense, the employees instead of positively contributing his/hers skills, knowledge and experience to the organization, will try to damage their employers in all aspects using Information Technology. The employees could wreck the organisations in which they are working, by using Information Technology in both ways, that is, they could alter or break down the Information Technology products found and functioning in the organisatio ns, and also they could bring in or use other external Information Technology products from outside to disable the technologies used in the organisation. Apart

Mandatory Influenza Vaccinations for Health Care Workers Research Paper

Mandatory Influenza Vaccinations for Health Care Workers - Research Paper Example Finally, the paper has discussed national benefits of having Health Care workers immunized. The American Hospital Association (2011) points out that influenza is a dangerous contagious disease that spreads quickly from one person to another even before the appearance of its signs. The diseases cause annual deaths of an estimated population of 24,000 people and more than 150,000 hospital admissions. Hospitalized patients are more vulnerable to influenza because their system of immunity has already been weekend by the disease they are suffering from which has caused their admission. Health Care Workers vaccination is important for it prevents deaths and illnesses among patients as well as reducing their absenteeism when they infect each other with the disease. Since 1981, annual health care workers’ vaccination has been recommended by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDCP). However, only half of the total number of Health Care Workers in the United States has adher ed to the rule. Protection of the well-being and health of patients and health workers is a worldwide matter of concern. Research in America has for the first few years shown that because of the health workers failure to undergo vaccination, health care workers unintentionally expose patients to seasonal influenza. American Hospital Associations Board of Trustees has imposed policies that require health care workers to undergo mandatory vaccination or put on masks while handling patients during seasons of influenza. The aim of this is to care and protect lives of patients (American Hospital Association, 2011). Data collected annually by Center for Disease Control and Prevention in the U.S. shows that more than two hundred thousand influenza patients are admitted in hospitals every year. Collected data also shows that a population of above 36,000 people dies of influenza annually. The other disease that puts people at risk of death in the U.S. is breast cancer. Even though the vaccin ation is about 70 to 90% effective in preventing influenza, it does not work with people aged above the age of 65 years and people with chronic health conditions preventing them from the vaccine (Rakita et al., 2010). Nowadays, many health care organizations and hospitals have embraced the policy of getting their employees, students, hospital contract workers, volunteers and affiliated medical staff vaccinated seasonally for the safety of the patients. Every employee is supposed to be immunized unless they have a religious or medical reason preventing them from the immunization. The rate of vaccination has gone above 90% due to application of the policies. Examples of organizations in which influenza vaccination in health care centers is a mandatory practice and a condition of employment include American Academy of Pediatrics, National Patient Safety Foundation and Association of Professionals in Infection Control (American Hospital Association). Prevention of the spread of influenz a between patients and health care personnel minimizes economic effects in the institution as well as reducing the cost of living in the society. National Foundation for Infectious Diseases (2007) outlines an example of outbreak of influence that occurred in an internal medicine ward in which 23% of the members of staff became infected. The result of this was a fourteen days sick leave for each of the members. Eight admissions that had been

The Prospectus Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Prospectus - Essay Example Using this prospectus in this study, will make it easy for the designed objectives to be achieved as the research problems will be easily achieved. The prospectus also ends up giving ways through which this study can be helpful to the stakeholders. The wedding day is the greatest day that the brides have been waiting for all their lives. They, for this reason, raise expectations high on this day, assuming and wishing that everything will go as planned. However, the brides get consumed thinking about the positive expectations from their wedding day until they forget about the unexpected negative events that can also accompany the day (Laurie, 2014). There are very many stressful issues that the brides are normally concerned about during this day that can make one wonder whether this day should be meant to be a big one for the brides or a stressful one for the. In their endeavors to making sure that everything goes well beginning from making themselves look fabulous to ensuring that there arises no mess in the program and arrangement of activities, the brides end up being stressed during their wedding day. This research is for this reason aimed at finding out those reasons that make the brides go crazy during when it is expected to be their biggest day in life. The research will be based on certain assumptions including the fact that the brides need to oversee the planning of activities during their wedding day. Another assumption is that, the brides are the ones in-charge of their looks during this day. We can also assume that all the weddings have some stressful events in them. Weddings are expected to be the best events that bring a lot of happiness in the lives of the brides. It is this day, the wedding day, which should mark the begging of endless happiness in the lives of brides when they begin living together with the grooms. Wedding is perceived as a bridge that brides use to pass through life full of loneliness to a life of companionship.

Leadership skills and Personal Professional Development Plan Essay

Leadership skills and Personal Professional Development Plan - Essay Example Will take responsibility in decision-making roles and will apply logic to facts and precedent, such as in the role of operations manager in a manufacturing firm. Will be effective in resolving conflict among people in situations that may be addressed with logic and the ability to think with clarity Threats May not be effective when put in a role where one has to settle conflicts among subordinates, and may be seen as insensitive by followers. May not be tolerant towards others perceived as different or unpredictable, such as the role of a diplomat engaging with those of different or unfamiliar cultures. May tend to be impatient in projects that require prolonged development time and which are influenced by many uncertainties. May be ineffective in a highly emotional or subjective situations requiring empathy, such as the role of counselor or HR manager. ... At first blush, there are many things that are contained in the assessments which I took with great doubt and disagreement. But for certain items, after some thought I began to gain some glimmer of insight into my personality which I was not aware of before. For instance, I disagree with the assessment about my apparent lack of creativity and ability to respond to people and situations at a deeper and more spontaneously profound level than just on the superficial and predictable level. I know from several instances that I have shown imagination, creativity, innovativeness, and spontaneity several times, although these were not always seen from the outside. The following analysis shall be based on the results of my Leadership Traits Questionnaire Rating which is shown as Appendix B. Fourteen leadership traits are shown here, together with the average rating corresponding to the mean of the scores given to me by five raters, against which the scores from my on self-rating are compared. This exercise will show where and how I disagree with other on the way I see myself, and where our perceptions coincide. The level of agreement or disagreement will allow me to gain some insight into the leadership traits I already possess, and those which I still have to work on. There are a few traits where the way I rate myself coincided exactly with how others rated me. I gave myself a perfect score (5) for being self-assured, trustworthy, and friendly, and I gave himself a slightly lower score (4) for being determined. I was pleased to discover that the scores given by all five rates exactly matched the score I had given myself. As a matter of

Research method Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Research method - Assignment Example The bank presents different offers to Super Cars; the option to receive payment after three months of entering the deal, or receiving the payment after one year. By unleashing these contrasting offers, the bank wants to also shield itself from the effects of uncertainties in the international market, thereby offering Super Cars minimum cushioning from the same. The Super Cars’ resolve to opt for the three-month payment duration presents better value for the firm, and subsequently affirms greater exposure to risk for HSBC. Finally, HSBC evaluates two options with the foreign currency it acquires: to either convert the currency to dollars immediately or after one year. This is done through examining strategies to mitigate effects of currency value fluctuations that the bank could use. The USA Super Cars sells luxury sports cars to buyers in different destinations around the world. Over the next one year, the firm will be expected to supply the UK, Japanese, Canadian, South African and the local US markets with sports cars. In order to determine the expected prices of the products at the time they will be shipped to requested destinations (the cars will be required exactly one year from now), the firm has taken forecasted estimates of the dollar’s exchange rates against the foreign currencies in the target markets. This way, it is possible to fairly estimate the amount of revenue expected from the sales, considering both the lower and upper bounds for the same. This report examines the value of the offer presented by HSBC to USA Super Cars, its ability to cushion the latter from expected risks and the ability to generate a profit for HSBC. Note: In these calculations, the totals are subsequently divided by n = 27 (the number of cars that have been ordered by the domestic and foreign buyers) in order to work with the formula for z-scores. = (81,481.48 – 113,011.1) / 16,491.40 = -1.912, equivalent to the

Designing a Safer Passenger Aircraft Essay Example for Free

Designing a Safer Passenger Aircraft Essay Aircrafts have become more advanced and fast, but they are drastically affected by ignorance and design incapability. However these structures can fly with more than 200 passengers and heavy cargo, but when they crash, they take away with them many lives and damage valuable property. To prevent such loses several aviation safety agencies like EASA(European Aviation Safety Agency) and FAA(Federal Aviation Administration) have been functioning. These agencies implement and monitor safety rules for aircrafts. They also certify and approve organizations involved in the design, manufacture and maintenance of aeronautical products. Safety of an aircraft depends on every smallest possible detail of it. For designing a safer passenger aircraft a lot of investigation has to be done on flight failures, to prevent such failures. There are four main aspects considered while designing an aircraft: Aerodynamics, Propulsion, Structures and materials, Stability and control. An overview on the design of a fixed wing aircraft: The structure of an aircraft is configured as follows: A fuselage is a long cylindrical body with tapered ends to make its shape aerodynamically smooth. Fuselage carries flight crew, passengers, payload, fuel and engine. Fuselage also holds a large wing which provides sufficient lifting force to the aircraft due to the shape of its cross section (aerofoil). This large wing has ailerons to control rolling motion. The vertical stabilizers present at the rear end of the aircraft, stabilizes the yaw motion and horizontal stabilizers stabilizes the pitch. Elevators are mounted to the horizontal stabilizers and it controls the pitch of the aircraft. Engines provide the trust required for the aircraft. The landing gear is a set of wheels that supports the plane on ground. Control system of an aircraft: Yoke controls the pitch and roll motion of an aircraft. Rudder pedals control the rudder and thus it controls the motion about the yaw axis. Throttle lever controls the thrust produces by each engine and brakes slow or stop the airplane on ground. There are controls for flaps and spoilers. A tiller is used to steer the plane on ground. An automatic flight management system helps pilot in maintaining altitude or mode of flight. Analysis of investigation reports of some airplane crashes and preventive measures in design: A Pilatus aircraft crashed near Bert Mooney airport in July, 2011 due to loss of control. Investigation reports showed that there was icing within the fuel system causing low fuel pressure state as fuel system icing inhibitor was not added to the fuel before flight. All jet fuels contain trace amounts of water that form crystals and block the fuel system. Icing inhibitors decrease the freezing point to about -40? C preventing water from freezing. Some chemical detector can be introduced that could detect the concentration of icing inhibitors present in the fuel. An alarm can also be added to the electronic system of the aircraft which will remind the pilot of adding icing inhibitors while refueling. Aircrafts flying in cold weather develop icing on wings which greatly impair wings ability to generate sufficient lift. Air Florida flight crashed on take-off in January, 1982 as a result of ice on its wings. Modern airliners are designed to prevent accumulation of ice on wings, engines or tails either by routing heated area towards icing or by using inflatable rubber tubes that expand and break off any accumulated ice. Similar method can be used in the design or the accumulated ice can also be removed by sending small amplitude vibrations to the accumulated area. A Boeing cargo airplane experienced ground fire before engine start-up at San Francisco International airport. Investigation blames the design of the supplemental oxygen system hoses and the lack of positive separation between electrical wiring and electrically conductive oxygen system components. The lack of positive separation allowed a short circuit to breach a combustible oxygen hose, release oxygen, and initiate a fire. This can be taken care of in the design and either separation between the oxygen hoses and wiring can be increased or insulation of wiring can be made more strong. Composite materials used in structure of an aircraft consist of layers of fibers embedded in a resin matrix. These layers separate from each other when subjected to cyclic stress and they lose strength. This failure is not shown on the surface. An amphibian plane suffered a structural failure in Florida. The right wing of the aircraft separated during normal flight due to lack of maintenance. Ultrasound based instrument method is used to detect such failures in designing a safer aircraft. As in Air France Concorde crash case, pilot detected fire very late. Installation of video cameras at critical places can be a preventive measure as pilot will be able to keep a watch on plane if there is no other failure detecting mechanism. During high speed landing or take-off extreme pressure and heat build-up in tyres and in such conditions tyres burst. This is equivalent to explosion of 4-5 dynamites. This could damage the fuel tank or engines and even initiate a fire. Some cooling mechanism within tyres can be used to prevent such conditions of high temperature and pressure. Above safety concerns and all other governing factors can be considered to design a safer passenger aircraft. Apart form these problems foreign object debris, positive lightning, bird strike, volcanic ash can also be taken care of while designing an aircraft. Ground based navigation aids can also be improved by improving GPS systems and some backup modes of communication may help in significant reduction in air crashes due to lack of information and misleading.

Analysing Structure Of Stories Literature Essay

Analysing Structure Of Stories Literature Essay This chapter focuses on the structure of stories in different mediums. Storytelling and the development of media have alternately influenced each another, and each new medium has established a new kind of storytelling. A story is more than actions and events. The sequence of actions and events according to a meaning creates a specific kind of structure. A storys structure is not the meaning of a fixed order but more the rules and the ways of combinations of events that creates a meaning. Therefore, understanding a storys structure is important in the narrative development process. Transmedia storytelling The structure of each medium allows for a different performance and affects how the meanings of stories are created and shared. Performativity need not be solely on the stage. Auslander stated that we live in a mediatized world, and that performance has spread across media, infecting the other media with performative spontaneity from both performers and audiences (Auslander, 1994). The stories we have heard, seen and read in a single medium have not lacked impact, but incorporating several media offers a whole new experience as Jenkins mentioned about transmedia. Transmedia is a term coined by Henry Jenkins to describe how stories can be told across media in such a way as to take advantage of what each medium do best. As Jenkins stated, Transmedia storytelling represents a process where integral elements of a fiction get dispersed systematically across multiple delivery channels for the purpose of creating a unified and coordinated entertainment experience. Ideally, each medium makes its own unique contribution to the unfolding of the story. (Jenkins, 2007) With transmedia experiences, where it is basically impossible for someone to have expertise in every medium, we may actually see a strengthening in the individual media as authors and artists focus on their expertise and return to specializing and mastering their medium of choice (Davidson, 2008). This means that the choice of media is not by content of the story but more by the expertise. Although the term transmedia emerged in the 21st century, the characteristics of transmedia can be identified in the wayang tradition. Mrà ¡zek stated that the media or the arts are more like artistic techniques than materials, or more like musical instruments than sound waves. He stated that the media in wayang narration, dialogue, puppets and puppet movement and their particular ways of working and functioning are creations of an artistic tradition, rather than universal, pre-existing categories (Mrà ¡zek, 2005). Puppet movement and puppet compositions, narration, dialogue, and music are combined and used to build the whole of the performance. Narration and dialogue appear to be in a class apart because they both use verbal language; but the case is not as simple. During both of them, the puppets are on the screen, and both the narration and the dialogue closely interact with the images. In the case of the dialogue, this is immediately obvious: it is the characters, acted by pu ppets on the screen that are represented speaking; the voice and the words are fused with them. In the case of narration, the interaction with the visual image is also close; the narration describes the scene and the characters and their actions, and is always closely juxtaposed to the visual images. Dialogue and narration are never quite purely verbal media they are connected to the visual images and constantly interact with them. However, if we want to see the separation between the media more clearly, we can look at the structuring of the performance in time. There is a very clear separation into three kinds of moments that what could be called: Narration moments Dialogue moments Puppet-movement moments During the puppet-movement moment the opening of the audience is represented in the medium of puppet movement, and there is no dialogue and no narration; then the dalang or the puppeteer narrates (the puppets are immobile, arranged into pictorial composition), and then comes the dialogue, during which the dalang only moves the hands of the puppets. The moments are represented by periods of music. In each of the moments, one medium comes to the fore, even though it is not necessarily in any pure form, that is, the other media may play a minor function. The media themselves are rarely clearly separate, but the different moments (in each one medium predominates) are (Mrà ¡zek, 2005). In this study, the web is used as a medium to revive traditional storytelling with puppets. Virtual worlds cannot substitute the rich experience of performing with real puppets and a face-to-face audience. But instead this study wants to ponder the potentials of the web and its design for this field. This study is also inspired from statements from Brenda Laurel. The performative nature of the web, one type of hypertext and hypermedia on computers, has led Brenda Laurel to look at computers as theater. For Laurel, computers have the capacity to represent action in which humans could participate (Laurel, 1993, p. 1). The readers are performers within the hypertextual narrative, shaping the actions and outcomes by the choice they make. A part of this study also focuses on the structure and process of narrative in hypermedia, in particular the web, and explores the potential application to support telling stories. Hypermedia refers to dynamic multimedia objects that have hypertextual aspects. As Landow and Delany stated, hypermedia is a multimedia extension of hypertext that is more complex and interactive, integrating visual and auditory experiences as well as text and links to give more contextual synthesis of the information explored (Delany Landow, 1994). For example, a web page with java scripting and interactive graphics, videos and sounds is a hypermedia object (Davidson, 2008). A characteristic of hypermedia is non-linearity structure, which allows us to navigate through an information space using associative linking. This leads to idea of intertextuality as we describe in the next section. Intertextuality Intertextuality refers to the numerous implicit references in each text to other texts. No text is written completely isolated from other texts and can stand entirely by itself. Hyperlinks in hypertexts and hypermedia documents emphasize such intertextuality in a way that is impossible in printed texts: they can lead directly from the hyperlinked terms, phrases or images to other contexts in which the same terms, phrases or images are meaningful, whether inside or outside the given hypermedia work itself (Delany Landow, 1994). Intertextuality can also be understood as the process of drawing on ones experience with multiple texts and making connections between these various texts and the present text being experienced (Davidson, 2008). Long and Strine illustrated how the process of experiencing a text necessitates that the audience brings an intertextuality to bear in order to understand the text being experienced (Long Strine, 1989). When we read a book, we bring our intertextual experiences of all the other books we have read to play with the current text itself, and from this playfulness, we assemble a deeper meaning of the text(s) involved. The appreciation of traditional textual objects, such as novels and films, is dependent to a certain measure on the decoding of intertextual references to other media in these texts. Thus, the pleasure of consuming these texts can be seen to be contingent to a certain extent on the users ability to identify and decode these allusions. This intertextual element also exists in new media, especially since media content is increasingly brought to the consumer through different channels simultaneously. Intertextuality can be found in wayang tradition also. For example, a character is used not only in one story; he or she can appear in different stories with different meanings and actions. A story is a part of another story or a story is a biography of an actor from another story. For this study, we want to use this characteristic in the system to provide a suggestion to children when they want to combine or connect stories. A theme of a story or actors in a story will be proceeded to bring out suggestions. With this kind of suggestion, the process of story-building is expected becomes simplified. Structure of a story Stories impose a structure on the events that we narrate so that listeners (including the storyteller) can understand them, and thereby gain some particular perspective on the events (Polanyi, 1989). A schema of narrative composed of four characteristics: setting, character, theme and plot (Davidson, 2008). Event schemas or scripts are knowledge structures which even very young children use to organize their general knowledge about events. Scripts also guide childrens comprehension and their recalling of stories about familiar events (Hudson, 1988). A storys structure as a topic of education fosters the ability to detect a meaning by reading. Models for developing good stories have been proposed for thousands of years. Around 2300 years ago Aristotle wrote his treatise called Poetics, in which he focused on tragedies, or serious drama. Many aspects of poetics are useful for authoring multimedia stories as well; the most important being the plot. According to Butcher, Aristotle said that [à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦] for by plot I here mean the arrangement of the incidents [à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦] But most important of all is the structure of the incidents [à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦] so the plot, being an imitation of an action, must imitate one action and that a whole, the structural union of the parts being such that, if any one of them is displaced or removed, the whole will be disjointed and disturbed.; and every story must have a beginning, middle and end (Aristotle, 2008; Lee, 2001). In the next section, a structure of a dramatic work such as a play or film, focusing on Gustav Freytags analysis of ancient Greek and Shakespearean drama is discussed. The discussion continues by analyzing the geometric structure variations of stories. Freytags Pyramid Freytags Pyramid (see Figure 3.1) is a way to analyze a plot that consists of five elements in an ascending and descending manner, introduction (exposition, inciting moment) rising action climax falling action denouement (catastrophe, resolution) (Freytag, 1900). In the introduction, the plot, characters, and complications are introduced. This leads to the rising action, or the events that lead to the climax of the plot. At the point of highest dramatic tension, or at a major turning point in the plot, the audience finds the climax. This decisive moment in the narrative is when the rising action is reversed to falling action. The falling action, then, is made up of the events that follow the climax and lead to the denouement. The final outcome, result, or unraveling of the main dramatic complication is called the denouement. The denouement may involve a reversal in the protagonists fortunes, usually as the result of a discovery (recognition of something of great importance previo usly unknown) by the protagonist. Figure 3.1. Frytags dramatic pyramid Frytags dramatic pyramid can be used to analyze the dramatic structure of wayang performance. Wayang performance in general has three acts: Pathet Nem, Pathet Sanga, and Pathet Manyura. The performance usually starts at 9.00 pm and will be end at 4.00 am. The following part describes the structure of a wayang performance in detail: Act One (Pathet Nem) Pathet nem is symbolizing childhood, performed from 9 pm until midnight, and consists of 6 scenes: Jejeran Raja: symbolizes that the baby begins to be accepted and nurtured by his mother. Paseban Jawi: symbolizes a child who is already getting to know the real world. Jaranan: symbolize the immature nature of children. Perang Ampyak: symbolizes a child who has begun to mature. Sabrangan: symbolizes a child who has grown but his character is still dominated by emotions. Perang Gagal: symbolizes a person who does not yet have a definite purpose in life. Act Two (Pathet Sanga) Pathet sanga is symbolizing adulthood, performed at midnight until 2.00 am, and consists of 3 scenes. In this act, the hero is thinking about problems, and subversive clown figures enter and dispense wisdom and ribald humor. Bambangan: symbolizes a person who has begun to obtain knowledge. Perang Kembang: symbolizes a growing adult. Jejer Sintren: symbolizes a person who has set a goal in his life. Act Three (Pathet Manyura) Pathet manyura is symbolizing seniority, performed from 2.00 am until 4.00 am, and consists of 3 scenes. This act contains resolution of conflict/problem with many battles. Jejer Manyura: symbolizes a person who already knows the purpose of his life and is close to achieving his dreams. Perang Brubuh: symbolizes a person who has reached his life goal. Tancep Kayon: symbolizes a person who has died. In this study, it is of interest to look at the process of performance of the wayang story rather than at the dramatic structure of wayang stories. The story of wayang is performed in a linear process, always starts from act one, continues with act two and ends with act three. But there is still a possibility to change the storys sequence for some stories. In wayang there are four types of play or Lakon: Standard play (Lakon Pakem) is played strictly following rules from the book. Improvisation play (Carangan) is played following the rules with improvisation. Contemporary play (Sempalan) is played completely out-of-the-book. Biography play (Lakon Banjaran) is played covering a biography of a certain figure. Wayang stories besides having the linear structure also have a non-linear structure, e.g., a contemporary play. This situation gives us an opportunity to perform wayang stories in a medium that supports non-linear structures, e.g., the web. Before the exploration of story structures which are appropriate with the authoring tool is proceeded, the variation of story structures will be discussed in the next section. Geometric design structures of stories Every story has a structure that can be visualized as a process. Linear stories have linear processes; non-linear stories have non-linear processes. Ten geometric structure variations from Samsel and Wimberly is explored in this section: sequential, branching, conditional branching (branching with barriers, branching with forced paths, bottlenecking, branching with optional scenes), exploratorium, parallel streaming, worlds, and multilinear (Samsel Wimberly, 1998). Sequential (Linear) Sequential structure is the basic building block of both interactive and linear media projects as shown Figure 3.2. User navigation follows a strictly defined procedural path one after another. The user cannot jump from node A to node C, for example, without having first traveled across node B. Figure 3.2. Sequential structure Sequential with Cul-de-Sacs Sometimes a linear sequence of nodes can diverge into isolated nonlinear deviations offer the user the choice to step off the procedural path into areas that in no way fulfill the critical objective of the piece. Such digressions are called cul-de-sacs usually puzzles, games, or sidebars that explore the themes of the work, but in no way affect the outcome of the story or objective of the work. The interesting thing about a cul-de-sac is that its entrance is also its exit, as shown in Figure 3.3. This applies to interactive cul-de-sacs as well and is especially important for the software designer who is trying to help us tell an interactive narrative. An interactive corporate training title, for example, might have a node that demonstrates a crucial concept. Several key words or phrases within that node may be hot. Clicking on one of the words might send the user to another node that shows that word, along with its definition. This sidebar or footnote has no impact on the training lesson itself. It is only there to enhance the users understanding of the key words and phrases contained in the material. Once the user has finished reading the definition, he or she has only one option to return to the lesson. Figure 3.3. Sequential structure with cul-de-sac (Samsel Wimberly, 1998, p.25) Many childrens edutainment CD-ROMs, such as Mindscapes The Animals! use sequential storytelling techniques e.g., a trip to the zoo and link them to archived data (Samsel Wimberly, 1998). A child can travel through the story and click on an object within a scene. This action will transport the child to a cul-de-sac a self-contained node of information such as a video clip of a lion, a photograph of a pelican, an audio clip of a monkey, or a text description of a polar bear. Once the information has been delivered and digested by the child, it can either replay the information or return to the main body of the zoo story. The cul-de-sac simply enhances the user experience. Branching In an interactive program, branching offers the most rudimentary course of extending how users navigate throughout the program. In a typical branching structure, the user is presented with several choices or options upon arriving at certain predesignated Forks in the road. Based on which path the user chooses, the program follows a new node of content. Figure 3.4. Traditional branching structure Branching structures are popular because they easily demonstrate the fundamental concept of interactive theory user choice. Namely, when confronted with a path decision, the user must choose one from several options A, B, or C in order to proceed to the corresponding node, as shown in Figure 3.4. The danger of branching structures is that they can spiral out of control very quickly. Author Neal Stephenson refers to this type of structure as the tree of death, where the story line keeps forking until there ends up being an unmanageable number of outcomes (see Figure 3.5). Figure 3.5. Extended branching structure (Samsel Wimberly, 1998, p.26) Conditional Branching: Branching with Barriers A subset of branching is conditional branching, which requires the user to abide by the rules of a predetermined condition along the branch in order to proceed through the program. Often, these conditions are puzzles or other obstacles that are slapped down in the middle of the application. The user is forced to solve the puzzle before he or she can continue (see Figure 3.6). Figure 3.6. Branching with barriers structure (Samsel Wimberly, 1998, p.27) Conditional Branching: Branching with Forced Paths Conditional branching often limits user choice in other ways. While appearing on the surface to offer many choices and options, the program will often continue regardless of the users actual choice. In essence, the program offers the illusion of choice without actually allowing the user to alter the program in any way. The validity of interactivity is strictly limited by the choices offered by the writer. Figure 3.7. Branching with forced path structure (Samsel Wimberly, 1998, p.28) A branching structure as seen in Figure 3.7 using forced paths or critical paths offers the end-user more options and/or more paths to choose from, but only one solution advances the story. Conditional Branching: Bottlenecking Another type of condition placed on branching structures (especially when the structure is used in an interactive narrative) manifests itself as bottlenecking. Bottlenecking is when various branching nodes are brought back into the spine of the story in order to rein everything in. This is a crucial structural procedure when you consider the exponential possibilities created by traditional branching structure (see Figure 3.8). Figure 3.8. Branching with bottlenecking structure (Samsel Wimberly, 1998, p.29) When the various story nodes are folded back so that they converge into a single story spine, the interactive narrative becomes more manageable. This type of design structure has been implemented in a number of popular media games and interactive movies over the past several years, including Origins popular Wing Commander series (Samsel Wimberly, 1998). Conditional Branching: Branching with Optional Scenes Sometimes the user gets to choose between alternative scenes that spin out from and return to the primary spine of the application whether that spine is a story (as in an interactive narrative) or an objective (as in an informational multimedia application such as a training title). Alternative scenes are commonly found in education and training programs, where it is necessary to demonstrate numerous concepts (see Figure 3.9). Figure 3.9. Branching with optional scenes structure (Samsel Wimberly, 1998, p.29) Exploratorium Exploratorium is empowering structures that allow the user to pause during the program to explore a world within a world. Many interactive storybook titles utilize exploratoriums from the humorous Living Books titles, Arthurs Birthday and Just Grandma and Me to Disneys Pocahontas Animated Storybook to simulated environments such as Imergy/Simon and Schusters Star Trek Captains Chair (Samsel Wimberly, 1998). The exploratorium structure can be seen in Figure 3.10. Figure 3.10. Exploratorium structure. Letters A, B, C, D, E, F, G, and H are hot spots or entertainment click-ons imbedded into program (Samsel Wimberly, 1998, p.32). Parallel Streaming Parallel streaming describes many states or paths that exist simultaneously at various levels within the same application. In an interactive narrative, this type of structure allows the writer to create a single linear story, while allowing the user to switch between perspectives, paths, or states. The user can then experience the same series of events from multiple points of view (see Figure 3.11). Figure 3.11. Parallel streaming structure (Samsel Wimberly, 1998, p.33) Worlds When two or more environments are interconnected by a common thread be it a theme, goal, mission, or story we have the basis for a world structure. Add to that world series of predefined events or tasks that the user trigger/accomplish in order to move the story or mission forward and you have a design structure that works very well with interactive media programs (Samsel Wimberly, 1998). In a world experience, exploring the surrounding is just as important (and fun) as completing the story or achieving an objective. This poses a unique set of problems for the writer. Figure 3.12. World structure. Notice that the world is in the shape of funnel (Samsel Wimberly, 1998, p.36) The player is free to roam through an enchanting environment in search of clues to the story. The act of exploration is just as important as the act of discovering the narrative. Each activity has equal merit. The player advances the story by triggering certain author-defined events. Exploring all the worlds, uncovering all the clues, and interacting with all the triggers leads the player to the end of the game (see Figure 3.12). Another way to look at a world structure would be an overhead view, as if looking down into the center of a funnel or cone. The plot points or tasks that user must accomplish are represented by the eight outer nodes. The eight inner nodes in the carousel represent the next set of tasks (see Figure 3.13). Figure 3.13. Carousel entry into a world structure (Samsel Wimberly, 1998, p.37) Multilinear or Hypermedia Another type of design structure, known as multilinear (see Figure 3.14), either encompasses every type of user path imaginable or no path at all. The World Wide Web, hypertext fiction, MUDs (multi-user domains), MOOs (Multi-user object-oriented environments), and many simulations are good examples. Multilinear structure demands a different kind of involvement from its user than do puzzles, branching games, or linear narratives. That is because it is the users themselves who must traverse their own unique paths through an environment. The writer sets the boundaries and rules of interactivity, but the users must chart their own course through the material. Hypermedia structures, in much the same way as the World Wide Web or a hypertext fiction title, allow the user to become an interactor a facilitator of the story. While surfing the web, the user decides which homepage to start from and selects which links to follow through the electronic universe. User action determines a pathway through the material. Similarly, hypertext fictions are about the journey as much as they are about the narrative that waits to be pieced together. Figure 3.14. Multilinear and hypermedia structure (Samsel Wimberly, 1998, p.39) Relevance to the research One of the lessons that has been learned from this section is that the sequence of events and actions is important in a story. This sequence leads the reader to follow a dramatic flow of the story. There are causal connections between the events or ideas in the story and these connections tend to be related to the main elements of the story. Through these comprehension processes, readers develop an understanding that extends beyond words and sentences, to reach comprehension of paragraphs and extended text. This knowledge forced the researcher to design a space for children to learn and to practice in building a storys sequence in order to support them their narrative development. A good plot and dramatic story structure of a story will keep the readers curiosity and their emotional engagement. When a user accomplished a task by using a computer, she/he followed a certain sequence process which is offered by the system. The actions and events of the system and user build a kind of story. It is needed to keep the user attention and their engagement with the system in order to reach their goals. Therefore, the researcher found that the knowledge of the storys structure and the dramatic flow can be used to design interaction between user and system. Summary This chapter introduced a conceptual thinking of transmedia storytelling from Jenkins which described how stories can be told across media in such a way so as to take advantage of what each medium does best. The stories we have heard, seen and read in a single medium have not lacked impact, but incorporating several media offers a whole new experience. A schema of narrative composed of four characteristic: setting, character, theme and plot. The four characteristics are the building blocks of narrative. Event schemas or scripts are knowledge structures which even very young children use to organize their general knowledge about events. This chapter has explained the dramatic structure from Freytag and explored ten geometric-structured variations of stories from Samsel and Wimberly: sequential, branching, conditional branching (branching with barriers, branching with forced paths, bottlenecking, branching with optional scenes), exploratorium, parallel streaming, worlds, and multilinear. In wayang tradition, multiple non-linear structures can be found within wayang stories. The audience can follow its own combinations of presented and remembered additional stories according to their own experiences and knowledge. This study focuses on analyzing whether the same character in different stories can enable a similar multiple storylines as well. The concept of intertextuality in this context will be used to provide suggestions for children to help them to build multiple storylines by character.